Nadiah Ishak, Angzzas Sari Mohd Kassim, Sharfina Mutia Syarifah and Ashuvila Mohd Aripin

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SCREENING POST-FERMENTATIVE PRODUCTS FROM BIOLOGICAL DELIGNIFICATION OF SELECTED BIOMASS FOR POTENTIAL LIGNIN VALORISATION

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Abstract 

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Lignin is composed of heterogeneous aromatic monomers that are linked by non-uniform intra and inter bonding covalent linkages. Breaking the linkages within lignin polymers generates low molecular derivatives that have valuable commodities in various industries. Adding the value of the lignin waste material is a recent fascinating area of lignin valorization. The diversity of the gut microbial species employed numerous metabolic strategies to depolymerize lignin generates various lignin-derived intermediates compound. This paper aimed at detecting and identifying possible valuable chemical compounds from the residual broth following biological treatment on selected biomass such as cogon grass and oil palm leaves. The post-fermentative broth was collected for metabolite analysis at day 0, day 3 and day 5 for both biomasses after microbial treatment. The collected broth samples were further screened using HPLC and GC-MS for compound screening and detection. The results showed more lignin-derived compounds were detected in samples collected on day 5 (CG-21 compounds; OPL- 21 compounds) compared to samples collected on day 3 (CG-11 compounds; OPL-7 compounds) post biological treatment. Most lignin degradation products were identified and categorized as phenols, carboxylic acids, fatty acid, hydroxycinnamic acid, alkanes and other aromatics and non-aromatic compound. Overall, these gut bacteria secrete various oxidative enzymes (such as laccases and peroxidases) that assist in lignin modifications, hence efficiently converting biomasses substrate into high value chemical product. Elucidating the metabolite traces using high end analytical instrumentation provides upgrading strategies to improve lignin valorization in integrated biorefineries.

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