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Muhammad Hamizan Zawawi, Zuraidah Abdullah and Sabreena Safuan

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FIRST REPORT ON ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIDIABETIC, AND CYTOTOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF FRUIT AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF Scorodocarpus borneensis

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Abstract 

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Scorodocarpus borneensis, commonly known as Kulim, is an underutilised tropical fruit valued for its medicinal purposes. Traditionally, Kulim has been used in food preparation and local alternative treatment for hemorrhoids, leprosy, diabetes, and diarrhea. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of the Kulim fruit aqueous extract, along with its cytotoxicity profile on normal fibroblast cells. The extraction yield was recorded at 9.6%, indicating the effectiveness of aqueous ultrasonication. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content analysis confirmed the presence of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, with a concentration of 7.11 ± 1.49 mg GAE/g extract and 6.7 ± 0.221 mg QE/g, respectively. Antioxidant activity measured via the DPPH assay revealed moderate radical scavenging capacity, with an IC50 value of 1.364 ± 0.366 mg/ml. In addition, the extract exhibited alpha-amylase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.026 ± 0.018 mg/mL, suggesting its potential in modulating postprandial blood glucose levels. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay on L929 fibroblast cells, where the extract showed no significant toxicity, yielding an EC50 value of 5.915 ± 1.56 mg/mL. The extract also increased the cell viability under high-glucose conditions, suggesting a protective effect on normal cells. Overall, these findings support the potential of Kulim fruit aqueous extract as a natural source of antioxidant and antidiabetic agents. Further studies involving disease-specific models and in vivo assessments are warranted to validate its therapeutic applications.

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