Muhammad Amirun Noh, Lee-Boey Jian Wen, Lim Quan Hziung, Lim Lee Ling, Muhammad Yazid Jalaludin, Lee Chin Mei, and Ahmad Mahfuz Gazali

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INVESTIGATING FACTORS THAT MAY INFLUENCE IMMUNOGLOBULIN G (IgG) TOWARDS ENTEROVIRUS: A PILOT STUDY

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Abstract 

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Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain AS4 (L. plantarum strain AS4), isolated from breast milk, belongs to the LAB group and is capable of heterofermentative sugar metabolism and EPS production. Manila sapodilla (Manilkara zapota), a tropical fruit native to Indonesia, is rich in sugars and sucrose, making it a promising substrate for EPS production.This study evaluated Manila sapodilla (Manilkara zapota) as an alternative substrate for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum AS4. Production was optimized using two media treatments: a 1:4 dilution with water (WA) and a 1:4 mixture with De Man–Rogosa–Sharpe medium (WR). The WR treatment yielded a significantly higher EPS concentration (1,340 mg/L) and exhibited antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria at a 10% concentration. Conversely, the WA treatment produced EPS with higher total sugar and protein content. Both treatments demonstrated comparable antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ ≈ 0.9 mg/mL). These findings show that Manila sapodilla is a viable alternative substrate for functional EPS production with potential applications in the food and health industries.

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